Java Platform Standard Edition 7 Documentation

Oracle has two products that implement Java Platform Standard Edition (Java SE) 7: Java SE Development Kit (JDK) 7 and Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE) 7.

JDK 7 is a superset of JRE 7, and contains everything that is in JRE 7, plus tools such as the compilers and debuggers necessary for developing applets and applications. JRE 7 provides the libraries, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and other components to run applets and applications written in the Java programming language.

The following conceptual diagram illustrates Java component technologies:

JDK

Java Language

Java Language

` Tools &
Tool APIs

java	javac	javadoc	jar	javap	JPDA	JConsole	Java VisualVM	Java DB
Security	Int'l	RMI	IDL	Deploy	Monitoring	Troubleshoot	Scripting	JVM TI

JRE

RIAs

Java Web Start

Applet / Java Plug-in

User Interface
Toolkits

AWT			Swing				Java 2D
Accessibility	Drag n Drop		Input Methods		Image I/O		Print Service		Sound

Java SE
API

Integration
Libraries

IDL

JDBC

JNDI

RMI

RMI-IIOP

Scripting

Other Base
Libraries

Beans	Int'l Support		Input/Output		JMX		JNI		Math
Networking	Override Mechanism		Security		Serialization		Extension Mechanism		XML JAXP

lang and util
Base Libraries

lang and util	Collections		Concurrency Utilities		JAR		Logging		Management
Preferences API	Ref Objects		Reflection		Regular Expressions		Versioning		Zip	Instrumentation

Java Virtual
Machine

Java HotSpot Client and Server VM

Description of Java Conceptual Diagram

What's New in Documentation

Documentation is regularly updated to provide developers with in-depth information about new features in the Java platform. Some recent updates include:

Swing The `JLayer` class has been added, which is a flexible and powerful decorator for Swing components; see How to Decorate Components with JLayer. The Nimbus Look and Feel has been moved from the `com.sun.java.swing` package to the `javax.swing` package; see the `javax.swing.plaf.nimbus` package. Mixing Heavyweight and Lightweight Components is easier to accomplish. Windows with transparency and non-rectangular shape are supported; see How to Create Translucent and Shaped Windows An HSV tab has been added to the `JColorChooser` class.	Java I/O The `java.nio.file` package and its related package, `java.nio.file.attribute` , provide comprehensive support for file I/O and for accessing the file system; see File I/O (featuring NIO.2). NIO stands for non-blocking I/O. The directory `<Java home>/sample/nio/chatserver/` contains samples that demonstrate the new APIs contained in the `java.nio.file` package. The directory `<Java home>/demo/nio/zipfs/` contains samples that demonstrate the NIO.2 NFS (Network File System) file system.
Networking The `URLClassLoader.close` method has been added; see Closing a URLClassLoader. The Sockets Direct Protocol (SDP) provides access to high performance network connections; see Understanding the Sockets Direct Protocol.	Security A new native provider has been added that provides several ECC-based algorithms (ECDSA/ECDH); see Sun PKCS#11 Provider's Supported Algorithms in Java PKCS#11 Reference Guide. Weak cryptographic algorithms can now be disabled; see Appendix D: Disabling Cryptographic Algorithms in Java PKI Programmer's Guide and Disabled Cryptographic Algorithms in Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE) Reference Guide. Various enhancements related to SSL/TLS have been added to Java Secure Socket Extension.
Collections The `TransferQueue` interface has been added, which is a refinement of the `BlockingQueue` interface. The class `LinkedTransferQueue` implements the `TransferQueue` interface.	Concurrency The fork/join framework, which is based on the `ForkJoinPool` class, is an implementation of the `Executor` interface. It is designed to efficiently run a large number of tasks using a pool of worker threads. A work-stealing technique is used to keep all the worker threads busy, to take full advantage of multiple processors. See Fork/Join in The Java Tutorials. The directory `<Java home>/sample/forkjoin/` contains samples that demonstrate the fork/join framework. The `ThreadLocalRandom` class eliminates contention among threads using pseudo-random numbers; see Concurrent Random Numbers. The `Phaser` class is a new synchronization barrier, similar to `CyclicBarrier` .
Rich Internet Applications (RIA) and Deployment The window of a dragged applet can be decorated with a default or custom title; see Requesting and Customizing Applet Decoration in Draggable Applets. The following enhancements have been made to the syntax of JNLP files; see JNLP File Syntax: The `os` attribute in the `information` and `resources` elements can now contain specific versions of Windows, such as Windows Vista or Windows 7. Applications can use the `install` attribute in the `shortcut` element to specify their their desire to be installed. Installed applications are not removed when the Java Web Start cache is cleared, but can be explicitly removed using the Java Control Panel. Java Web Start applications can be deployed without specifying the `codebase` attribute; see Deploying Without Codebase A JNLP file can be embedded into an HTML page; see Embedding JNLP File in Applet Tag. You can check the status variable of the applet while it is loading to determine if the applet is ready to handle requests from JavaScript code; see Handling Initialization Status With Event Handlers. You now have control of the window decoration style and title of an applet launched from a shortcut or dragged out of the browser; see Requesting and Customizing Applet Decoration in Developing Draggable Applets.	Java 2D A new XRender-based Java 2D rendering pipeline is supported for modern X11-based desktops, offering improved graphics performance; see the `xrender` flag in System Properties for Java 2D Technology. The JDK now enumerates and displays installed OpenType/CFF fonts through methods such as `GraphicsEnvironment.getAvailableFontFamilyNames` ; these fonts are also recognized by the `Font.createFont` method. See Selecting a Font. The `TextLayout` class supports Tibetan script. `libfontconfig`, a font configuration API, is used to select fonts to use for the logical fonts for some implementations of Linux; see Fontconfig.
Java XML This release contains Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.4.5, supports Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) 2.2.3, and supports Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS) 2.2.4.	Internationalization Unicode 6.0.0 is supported; see Unicode in The Java Tutorials. The directory `<Java home>/demo/jfc/Font2DTest/` contains samples that demonstrate Java support for Unicode 6.0. Java SE 7 can accommodate new currencies that are identified by their ISO 4217 codes; see the `Currency` class.
java.lang Package Potential deadlocks were eliminated for multithreaded, non-hierarchically delegating custom class loaders; see Multithreaded Custom Class Loaders in Java SE 7.	Java Programming Language The following enhancements have been added to the Java language: Binary Literals Underscores in Numeric Literals Strings in switch Statements Type Inference for Generic Instance Creation Improved Compiler Warnings and Errors When Using Non-Reifiable Formal Parameters with Varargs Methods The try-with-resources Statement Catching Multiple Exception Types and Rethrowing Exceptions with Improved Type Checking
Java Virtual Machine Java Virtual Machine Support for Non-Java Languages: Java SE 7 introduces a new JVM instruction that simplifies the implementation of dynamically typed programming languages on the JVM. Garbage-First Collector is a server-style garbage collector that replaces the Concurrent Mark-Sweep Collector (CMS). Java HotSpot Virtual Machine Performance Enhancements	JDBC 4.1 JDBC 4.1 introduces the following features: The ability to use a `try` -with-resources statement to automatically close resources of type `Connection` , `ResultSet` , and `Statement` ; see Closing Connections in Processing SQL Statements. RowSet 1.1: The introduction of the `RowSetFactory` interface and the `RowSetProvider` class, which enable you to create all types of row sets supported by your JDBC driver; see Using the RowSetFactory Interface in Using JdbcRowSet Objects.